Colonial Valley Zapotec to English Vocabulary

This Vocabulary contains 761 words and morphemes commonly found in the documents and some of their variant spellings. There are two main parts: the main dictionary (Zapotec to English) and the English-to-Zapotec Reverse Index, which can be used to look up a word in the main section.

If you know what the word might mean, but do not know what the Zapotec word might look like, the index will likely be the most useful place for you to look. Be sure to try looking under synonyms, as well.

If you are trying to figure out what an unidentified Zapotec word might mean, recall that spelling can be quite variable. Here are some tips for finding a Zapotec word in the dictionary:

  • Disregard any accent marks. For example, if you are looking for <quéche> try by looking under <queche>.
  • If you don’t find the word spelled exactly as you found it in the text, trying changing the spelling in ways listed below. For example, if you are looking for <aanna> and do not find it there, try looking under <ana>.
    change to
    double consonants single consonants
    double vowels single vowels
    <ij> <i>
  • Disregard any <h> between two identical vowels. For example, if you are looking for <anachihi> and find nothing there, try looking under <anachi>.
  • Keep in mind that the following letter (sequences) may be used interchangeably. If you expect your word to have one of these letters, try replacing it with the one (or ones) in bold, e.g. if you are looking for <veni> you might also look under <peni> and <beni>.
    • p, b, u, v
    • t, d
    • g, gu, c, q, qu
    • s, z, x, c, ç
    • u, o
    • e, i

There are two types of entries. Main entries, like anachi and beni below, and cross references for spelling variants, like anachihi below. Cross-references always contain the headword and the cross reference to the main entry. Main entries minimally contain the headword and the definition. They may optionally contain other elements, such as notes on the composition of the word, a list of spelling variants, and sub-entries of words related to that headword. Below, three entries are broken down and their component parts are numbered. A key to these numbered parts follows directly below the sample entries.

1 headword Each definition starts with a headword.
2 definition The headword is followed by a definition. If there are multiple senses to a word, they are numbered.
3 notes on morphological composition The component parts of a word may be noted. For example anachi is made up of ana ‘now’ and chi ‘day’.
4 spelling variants Some possible spelling variants are listed.
5 cross-reference from a spelling variant Some spelling variants (sp. var.) are listed in the vocabulary with a cross reference to the main headword.
6 sub-entry Some subentries are listed under headwords. These can also be found as headwords with more information.
7 example Some entries have examples. The examples are introduced with a reference to the text from which they come, followed by the Zapotec examples in italics and the English translation in quotes.
8 cross-reference Some entries contain cross-references to other entries.
9 modern cognate with audio Some entries contain cognates with audio. Click on the blue play button to hear a native speaker pronounce the cognate in that modern Valley Zapotec variety. Click on the black arrow to jump to that entry in the corresponding Talking Dictionary.

The modern cognates with audio come from four Talking Dictionaries of modern Valley Zapotec languages. These dictionaries are collaborations with native speakers and were made possible by Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, K. David Harrison, and Jeremy Fahringer. We owe special thanks to Fahringer for enabling the mechanism whereby Ticha can interact with the Talking Dictionaries. The language varieties are listed below with links to the Talking Dictionaries and the names of the contributing speakers.

San Jerónimo Tlacochahuaya Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/tlacochahuaya

Speakers: Moisés García Guzmán, Angélica Guzmán Martínez, Antonio García Cruz, María Mercedes Méndez Morales.

San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/sanlucasquiavini

Speakers: Felipe H. Lopez and Victoria Lopez.

Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/teotitlan

Speakers: Camillo Alavéz Alavéz, Gario Angeles, Manuel Bazan Chávez, Froilán Carreño Gutiérrez, Natalia Carreño Hernandez, Janet Chávez Santiago, Federico Chávez Sosa, Elena García Jimenez, Noel Alejandro García Juárez, Silvia González Ruiz, Ambrocio Gutiérrez, Bibiana Gutiérrez, Zenón Pablo Gutiérrez, Erasto Gutiérrez López, Celso Gutiérrez Montaño, Jorge David Hernández Sosa, Edison Hipólito de los Ángeles, Camelia Lazo Chávez, Teresa Martínez Chavez, Adrián Martínez Mendoza, Leonardo Martínez Sosa, Miguel Ángel Mendoza Bautista, Rocío Mendoza Bazán, Manuel de Jesús Mendoza Chávez, Teresa Manuela Mendoza Ruíz, Miros Laba, Cristina Ruiz, Rosa Ruiz González, Francisco Ruiz Gutiérrez, Mariano Sosa Martinez.

Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/tlacolula

Speakers: Roberto Antonio Ruiz, and Josefina Antonio Ruiz.

Lillehaugen, Brook Danielle, George Aaron Broadwell, Michel R. Oudijk, Laurie Allen, May Helena Plumb, and Mike Zarafonetis. 2017. "Colonial Valley Zapotec to English Vocabulary." Ticha: a digital text explorer for Colonial Zapotec, first edition. Online: https://ticha.haverford.edu/en/vocabulary

A

=asp. var. of=yaI; me
acano, not (negative particle)acuahacaaca-not
acuasp. var. ofacano, not
alaniitem (used to mark items in a list)alarialariniitem
alarialaniitemalariniitem
alariniitem (used to mark items in a list)alatinilatinialaniitemalarialar-item
alatinisp. var. ofalariniitem
ana3sp. var. ofnana3know
ana1nowna7yana1ana-nowanachitoday

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: na

anachitodayana1nowchi3dayanachihiañachijanchiyanachianac-toda

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nazhi

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nadxi

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: an dxi

anachihisp. var. ofanachitoday
añachijsp. var. ofanachitoday
anchisp. var. ofanachitoday

B

ba-sp. var. ofbe-2causative perfective aspect
balalatisp. var. ofpelalatibody
be-2causative perfective aspectba-pe-2
be-4reiterative perfective aspect
becogo1altar2seat; thronebeecogoobeco-alta

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bku

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bcu

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: baku

becoxillasheep, ewemáni xíllapéhue-xíllapeco2dogxilla6cottonpecoxilla huinisheepbeco-shee

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhi’ily

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhily

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhily

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhily

beecogoosp. var. ofbecogoaltar, seat
beeloosp. var. ofbezelodevil
bejuanalordBesuanabexuanapejuanabeju-lord

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bexhuang

bela1iftebelaifbela-if

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bal

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bel

belalatisp. var. ofpelalatibody
bene2mudFeria 5r 2.3oalica cani yoo cuyaa beniati, chela yagalati yoo nazaca, cani penna yoo cuyaanitruly people were formed from the earth, and not from good earth, but they were formed from mudyoo pènnebene-mud

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: banny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bahny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bany

benegolasp. var. ofbenigola1old person
benequichasp. var. ofbeniquichasick person
benexiinichildbeni1personxini1child
beni2do (perfective stem)ronido
beni1personbeni-persbenexiinichildbeni tahomerchantbeni zaZapotec personbeniatipeoplebenigola1old personbenigonawomanbenigotidead personbeniniguiomanbeniquichasick person

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bëny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: buny

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: benny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bëny

beniatipeople, human kindbeni1personbeni-peop

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: binit

beni cijpoor person; needy personpèni na+zijpoor man or womanbenni zijpeni zij
Benigichijsp. var. ofbeniquichasick person
benigola1old personbeni1persongolaoldbenegolabeni-oldp

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bën gul

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bangual

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ben gull

benigona1woman2wifelechèla2 1beni1persongona2woman, femalebeni1persongona2woman, femalebennigonaabeni-woma

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: beny gunà’

benigotidead personbeni1personcoti2die (perfective stem)beni-dead
benigueche1servant2vassal
beniguichasp. var. ofbeniquichasick person
beniniguiomanbeni1personniguiomale, manbeniniquiobeni-man

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: beny ngiu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nayu

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: buny nguiu

beniniquiosp. var. ofbeniniguioman
beniquichasick personbeni1personquicha1sickbenequichaBenigichijbeniguichabeni-sick
beni tahomerchanthueciyahobeni1person
beni zaZapotec personbeni1personbeni-zapo

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: buny Dizhza

bennigonaasp. var. ofbenigonawoman
benni zijsp. var. ofbeni cijpoor person
beosp. var. ofpeomoon, month
besosesp. var. ofbixocefather
Besuanasp. var. ofbejuanalord
bexuanasp. var. ofbejuanalord
beyosp. var. ofpeomoon, month
bezelodevilbeeloobeze-devi
bi-1perfective aspectvi-2
bi-2and (used in complex numbers)chijnio bij tapaanineteen
bichidrybich-dry

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nabiz

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: mbiaz

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: biiz

bichichi1treasure2moneypichichibich-treabichichi nagachigoldbichichi nagaosilver
bichichi nagachigoldbichichitreasurena-stative asp.nagachebe yellowbich-gold
bichichi nagaosilverbichichitreasurebich-silv
bichinadeerbich-deerpichina conaox, bull

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bizïin

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bizuyn

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: bsɨn

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bzeiny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bzëny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bzëny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bzeiny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bzeiny

biga11necklace2ringbiga-neck

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: biga’

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: biga’

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: biga’

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: wga

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bga

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bga

biganaservant
bijnijsp. var. ofpinnijseed
bijxoozeesp. var. ofbixocefather
bisasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
bitanisp. var. ofbytanihuipil
bitao1great life force, great spirit2God (great spirit)-taogreatvito
bixocefatherbesosebijxoozeebixosebixozebyxoocepisosepixocevixocetatafatherbixo-fathbixoce copabitaopriestbixozecolagrandfather

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bixus

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bxoz

bixoce copabitaobixocefathercopapitaopriest, confessorbijxoce capautioobijxoce Copavijtoovixoce copavito
bixoozegollasp. var. ofbixozecolagrandfather
bixosesp. var. ofbixocefather
bixozesp. var. ofbixocefather
bixozecolagrandfatherbixocefathergolaoldbixoozegollatijticolaxitegoola
bixyowitch, sorcererbixy-witc

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bidxa

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bdxa’

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bzhya

biysaasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
bizaborder markerbisabiysaabiziapisavijsaavijzavissaavizavizaabiza-bord

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: biza

bizanasibling of the opposite sex, sister (of a man), brother (of a woman)biza-sibl

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bza’an

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bzyan

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bizaa’n

biziasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
bytanihuipil (a traditional garment)bitanibyta-huip
byxoocesp. var. ofbixocefather

C

c-1sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
ca2where (interrogative)ca-wher

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: kali

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: kali

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: cali

ca3fivega2caa-five
=ca2(emphatic marker)
cachesevenCochecach-seve

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: jees

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: gaz

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: gaz

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: gaz

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gats

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gaz

caletwentygaleegalicale-twen

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: jaly

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: gal

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: galy

cani11and2but, howevercani-and
catotwo (B set of numbers)topatwo
cayo1three (B set of numbers)chonathreecayo-thre
cayoaone hundredcayo-oneh

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gaiyua

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: te gayoa

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tub gayua

cayonasixtycayo-sixt

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gayong

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gayon

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gayon

cayoosp. var. ofgayofive
câyoosp. var. ofgayofive
cechacueotherze- 2another(pre-QUANT)chacuesomezeechacuee
celi1always2eternalceli-eter
cete4sp. var. ofrocete2learn
cete3saltcéticéyteciéteciti
cète4sp. var. ofrocete2learn
cétisp. var. ofcete3salt
cetobisp. var. ofsetobianother
céytesp. var. ofcete3salt
chachobe located separate (neutral aspect)
chacuesomechac-somecechacueother
chaga1one (B set of numbers)tobionechag-onechaga chagaevery one

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: cha

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txa

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: cha

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: txa

chaga chagaevery, each, every onechaga1one (B set of numbers)
chana1Sir2Lady3Lordchonaachan-prie
chapayoung womanchap-younxinichapadaughter

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhyap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dxa’p

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: dxap

che3sp. var. ofchi3day
chela1and, alsochelaniaandchel-andchelaneand
chelaneandchela1and=newith
chi1tenchi-ten

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tsë

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsï

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tsë

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tsë

chi3dayche3chi4chy1chi-dayanachitoday

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: dxii

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dxi

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhi

chi4sp. var. ofchi3daywhenwhen chiij
chiba5miserychib-mise

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: rzhiby

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nzhiby

chichibeapermission
chiijsp. var. ofchi4when
chijnio bij tapaanineteen (fifteen and four)chino2fifteenbi-2and (in complex numbers)tapa2fourchin-nine

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tseinyabtap

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsïïnn bitap

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: tseinyabtap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tsomptap

chijñoosp. var. ofchino2fifteen
china51job, workQuela-huèni-chijna, quela-huèni-ñaani2position, officechin-work

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zeiny

chinisp. var. ofxini1child
chiniosp. var. ofchino2fifteen
chino2fifteenchijñoochiniochin-fiftchijnio bij tapaanineteen

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tsoni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsïïnn

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tseiny

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: tza’an

chino1thirteenchij-thir

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: tza’any

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tso’ny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tso’ny

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsïny

chiquethenchiq-then

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: chicy

chita1fourteenchit-four

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsïda

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: tsɨ da’any

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tsëda

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tsëda

chita2bonechit-bonechitacuerib

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zuat

chitacueribchita2bonecue1sidechit-rib

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zuat cwe teix

chonathreecayo1three (B set of numbers)chon-thre

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txonn

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: choon

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: chon

chonaasp. var. ofchanaSir, Lord
chy1sp. var. ofchi3day
=cionly, just=cy=si=xi=zici-only
ciani2morecitao2 3
ciani11many, muchcian-many

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zyieny

cica31thus, like this2likecica-thuscicani1thus

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zicy

cicani1thus, like thiscica3thus, likecica-like

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zicy ni

cicani2but
ciétesp. var. ofcete3salt
citao21abundant, numerous2large3moreciani2narào, citàoti-taogreat
citisp. var. ofcete3salt
citobisp. var. ofsetobianother
co-3(perfective aspect)gu-2
cobinewcobi-new

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nakuy

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nakuby

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ncweby

cobicha1sun2daygobijchaagobychagoobijchagoobychagoobychaagouichagovichagovijchacobi-sun

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gubidx

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gubixh

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: wbich

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: wbwizh

coca11be, exist (perfective stem)2be able to, can (perfective stem)raca1be, can
Cochesp. var. ofcacheseven
cogujsp. var. ofcoquinoble
cola=plural imperativeArte 071 3.1cǒlacǎcatonǒ Let us be!Vellon 119 2.2xinni xtennia, cola colla; cotazeeni loo Bejuanana Dios, niani cocañeeni, guezalaachini xtenni benni guicha rymy children, cry, call to God our Lord to help and have mercy on this sick person
colanasteal (perfective stem)steal (perfective stem)Pftvllanaahabitual formribana
cona41offering2sacrifice3tithecónigona1gunacona-offe

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guan

cona3bull, oxcona-oxpichina conaox, bull

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gu’n

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gu’n

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guan

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guan

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gu’n

cónisp. var. ofcona4offering, sacrifice
coopabijtaoosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
Cooquisp. var. ofcoquinoble
copa1guardcopapitaopriest, confessor
copabitaosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
copa bitoosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
copapitaopriest, confessor, friarcopa1guardbitaogreat spirit, godcoopabijtaoocopa bitoocopabitaogoPa bittobixoce copabitaopriest
coquinoble; lord, ladycogujCooquigogui2quoqui2
cotagoeat (perfective stem)rago1eat
coti1hit (perfective stem)riquinehit
coti2die, be dead (perfective stem)ratibe deadguela gotideath
cotixepay (perfective stem)riquixepay
cue2plot (of land), fieldcuique2layolandquina1sowed land
cue11side2beside, at the side ofcue-sidechitacuerib

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: cwe

cue3took, has takenricatake
cuelayoolot, plot of landcue2plotlayolandcue layoocueyoofieldlayoland
cue layoosp. var. ofcuelayooplot of land
cuisp. var. ofcue2plot

Ç

çôtieight thousand

E

eezij pealachiamend, improve?
ellasp. var. ofelafour hundred
ex-sp. var. ofxi-marker on possessed nouns

G

g-1sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
ga2sp. var. ofca3five
ga1ninegaa-nine

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ga

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ga

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ja’

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: ga

ga-sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
gaasaacasp. var. ofquezacaagain
galeesp. var. ofcaletwenty
galisp. var. ofcaletwenty
gayofivecayoocâyoogayo-five

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: jai’

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gai

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gai

gegosp. var. ofquecoriver
gobijchaasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
gobychasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
gochitilled, plowed, worked
gogui2sp. var. ofcoquinoble
golaoldgola-oldbixozecolagrandfather
gona2female; womanbenigonawoman
gona1sp. var. ofcona4offering, sacrifice
goobijchasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
goobychasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
goobychaasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
goPa bittosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
gouichasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
govichasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
govijchasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
gu-2sp. var. ofco-3perfective aspect
gue=sp. var. ofquela=nominalizer
gue-1sp. var. ofhue-2perfect aspect
gue-2sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
gue-3sp. var. ofque-3causative irrealis aspect
gueche1pueblo; town, villageguichaoqueche2guec-puebguechelayoworld

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gueizh

gueche guibanailquechi2thornquiba2metal
guechelayoworldgueche1pueblolayolandqchelayoguec-worl

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gaxlyu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gëchlew

gueetasp. var. ofguetaodeceased
guegosp. var. ofquecoriver
guela gotideathquela=nominalizercoti2die (perfective stem)quellagooti
guelarijenij1understanding(NOM-brains?)quela=nominalizer
guella yootideath
guetaodeceasedgueetaquectoguet-dece

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guty

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: guty

gui-sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
guibasp. var. ofquiba2metal
guicha2wool
guichaosp. var. ofgueche1pueblo
guichi1sp. var. ofquichi1paper
guiesp. var. ofquie1rock
guiehuanamirrorguie-mirr

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyigwan

gunasp. var. ofcona4offering, sacrifice

H

ha3Oh! (vocative, before a noun)=hèOh! (vocative)
hacasp. var. ofacano, not
hua1question particlehua-ques
hua=sp. var. ofhue=perfect aspect
hua-1sp. var. ofhue-2perfect aspect
hualachi1homeland2native (to a place) (of a person)hual-home

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lazh

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lach

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: laxha’

hualica1true2trulyhue-2perfect aspectnalistraight, true=ca2(emphatic marker)oalica
huaneandhueñehueñeehuan-and
huayaaxeexpensive?
hue=perfect aspect (pre-aspect marker)hua=oa=
hue-21perfect aspect2another (used before numbers, see Cordova Arte 3.2.2.3.4)3reiterative perfect aspectgue-1hua-1
huecayescribe
huelacelachipunishment
hueñedial. var. ofhuaneand
hueñeedial. var. ofhuaneand

I

izasp. var. ofysayear

J

juaresJuarezxuares

L

la1be namedla-name

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: la

=la11and2orla-and
la=2plural imperative
la=1orla-or
laa4name
laachesp. var. oflachalarge flat land
lacathis same, same
lachaflat land, flat field (perhaps relatively large)laachelapaplain, flat landpezaaflat field
lachelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lachi1heart2soullach-hearlachitochestrielilachibelieverolabalachithink, consider

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: lasto

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: la’z

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: laz do

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: laz

lachitochestlachiheartlach-ches
laga1widelaga-wide

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nlag

lagacasamelaga-same

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lag

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lakzey

lahui2between, among, amidstláhuilahu-betw

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lad

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lad

lani1party, feastlani-part

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lani

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: loni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lani

lani21stomachCo721-1 23.1guela nabanij selij lanij guehuij quijebaa nijin life everlasting in the kingdom of heaven2inlenilani-stom

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: la’nia

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: le’ny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lany

lanicicasimilarlylani-simi
lao1face2surface3aspect, kind4in front of, before, on, in (body part locative)5to, through, from, by (non-locative prepostion)lo1lao-facelocuaforeheadpizalooeye

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: lo

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lo

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lo

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lo

lapaplain, flat partlachalarge flat landlapa-flat

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lats

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lats

late2sp. var. oflati1body
late1where, place wherelate-plac
lati2cloth, clothes, clothinglati1lati-clot

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lady

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lady

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lahdy

lati1sp. var. oflati2clothbodybody late2
latinisp. var. ofalariniitem
latoyou; your, yours (second person plural free pronoun)=toyou (plural)lato-youp

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: laad

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: laat

laya3sp. var. oflayoland
laya21sacred thing2elegant thing3prayerla2blessing
layoland, fieldyoo1landlaya3Layoolayucue2plotcuelayooplot of landcueyoofieldquina1sowed landlayo-landcuelayooplot of landguechelayoworld

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lonya

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lo nya

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lyu

Layoosp. var. oflayoland
layusp. var. oflayoland
lazecloak
leçasp. var. oflezafellow person
lechalasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lechela1spouse, wife, husband2consortlachelalechalaleechelalichelalochelalech-spou

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txel

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txel

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txiel

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: chel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: chiel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: chiel

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: chel

leechelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lenisp. var. oflani2stomach, in
lesacasp. var. oflisacavalue, cost
lezawifelechèla2 1leçalezaanaleca-neig
lezaanasp. var. oflezafellow person
lezolengthtoni
lichsp. var. oflichihouse
lichelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lichihouselichYoolijchlich-houslichiquibajailyoolichihouse

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: liz

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: liaz

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lis

lichiquibajail, prisonlichihousequiba2metallich-jail

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lis gib

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: liz gib

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: liaz gyieb

lisacacost, price; valuelesacalezacalisa-pric

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: sac

llanaaPftvcolanasteal (perfective stem)
llii2sp. var. ofnalistraight, true
lo1sp. var. oflaoface
=loyou; your (second person singular bound pronoun)
lochelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lochitongueloch-tong

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ludx

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: luzh

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lu’x

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ludxa

locuaforeheadlaofacelocu-fore

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: locwa, lacwa

lohui1you (second person singular free pronoun)lohu-yous

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: luy

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: liu

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: liu

loolaasp. var. ofLoolahaOaxaca
LoolahaOaxacaloolaalola-oaxa

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: Ndua

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: Ndua

loxobeardloxo-bear

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: luazh

luanaEtlaluhuana
luhuanasp. var. ofluana

M

mani11animal2bird3horsemani-animmani peco xillasheepmani pixeowl

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: maay

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: many

mani peco xillasheepmani1animalpeco2dogxilla6cotton
mani pixeowlmani1animal

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bzhie

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bdxie

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bdxie

=meeit, they; them; their, its, theirs (third person animal bound pronoun)

N

na8say (perfective stem)na-say

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: na

na7sp. var. ofana1now
na5I, me, my, mine (first person singular free pronoun)=yaI; mena-i

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: na’a

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nare

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: na

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: naa

=nawe; us; our, ours (first person plural bound pronoun)tona4we
na-stative aspect
naa7motherxina1mother
naa2be lyingna-lyin

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nat

naa4handna-handquelahuechàgañaani

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nia

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: na

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: na

nachibapoor
nagachebe yellow, be golden; yellownaga-yellbichichi nagachigold

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gots

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nagats

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ngats

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nagats

nagati1be white2be cleannaga-whit

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ncyets

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nakits

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nakits

nalistraight, truellii2li-truehualicatrue, truly

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: dixh li

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: didx li

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dizh di

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: dizh di

nana2mothernana-moth

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nan

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nan

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nan

nana31know (someone or something), be taught2understand3seeana3nana-know

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nan

naxacasp. var. ofnazacabe good, healthy
naxi21fruit2sweet, good-tastingnaxi-frui

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: naax

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: náax

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nax

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nahx

nayona11sacred, holy2chaste, pure, virgen
nazaca1be good2be healthynaxacasacaanaza-bego
nesp. var. ofni1who, which, that
=newithne-with
nèchesp. var. ofronichigive
neewith
nesasp. var. ofnezaroad
nesaayoke
neza1road, path, way2 way toward, towardnesanesa-roadnezayomain road

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nez

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nez

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nez

nezayolarge road, main road, good road (without rocks)nezaroadyoo1landneza-good

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nezyu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nez yu

ni1who, which, that (relativizer)neni-rel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ni

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ni

=ni1he, she, it, they; him, her, them; his, hers, its, their, theirs (third person bound pronoun)
nia1becausenia-becaniatinibecause; forniiaxtennibecause
nia2foot, hoofnia-foot

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ni’

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: niee

niacanithus
niatini1because2fornia1becausenjatene
nicasp. var. ofnizawater
niguioman, malenigi-male

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ngiu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ingul

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nguiu

niiaxtennibecausenia1becausexiteniof, from
nijsaasp. var. ofnizawater
nijtilaoosp. var. ofronitilodestroy; forgive (sins)
nijxijsp. var. ofnitithis
nique1these, those; this, thatAguero 1 14.1Chela huayaacala huallaabila, quiraa loo niquee?Levanto 22 6.1Laagaaca coroopa Persona rii xtenni Santissima Trinidad, Biitoo nallii, cochaagani quellabenniaati, ninaca pellalaati, huañee anima, ciica tonoo: niquee rinniiona huanacani Biitoo, huañee benniati.niqu-those
nisa3sp. var. ofnizawater
nitithisnijxijniti-this

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nde’

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nde

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nde

niza1water2spermnicanijsaanisa3nica-watenizaquierainritopanisabe baptized

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nis

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nis

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nyis

nizaquierainnizawaterquie1rocknica-rain

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nyisgyia

njatenesp. var. ofniatinibecause; for
nnijpeasp. var. ofrinipeyacommand
=nowe; us; our, ours (first person plural bound pronoun)=tonowetonowe

O

o-(causative marker)u-tozabi2be obligated
oa=sp. var. ofhue=perfect aspectunspec. var. ofhue=perfect aspect
oalicasp. var. ofhualicatrue, truly
olabalachi1consider2consider

P

pa5tombpa-tomb

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: baa

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ba

pe-2sp. var. ofbe-2causative perfective aspect
peameasure, orderracapeaknowrenapeaorderribepeaorderricapeaorder, confirmrinipeyacommandtichapeaorder, commandment
peco2dogpeco-dogbecoxillasheepmani peco xillasheep

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: becw

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: becw

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: becw

pejuanasp. var. ofbejuanalord
pela4flesh, meatpela-fles

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bel

pelalarisp. var. ofpelalatibody
pelalatibodypela4fleshlati1bodybalalatibelalatipelalari
pèlla2fishpela-fish

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: behld

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: behld

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: behld

peni zijsp. var. ofbeni cijpoor personpoor person
peo1moon2monthbeobeyopeo-moon

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: beu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: be’u

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: be’u

pereturkeypere-turk

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: barxyec

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: budingul

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: budingul

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bëd ingul

pichichisp. var. ofbichichitreasure
pichijnia gonasp. var. ofpichina conaox, bull
pichina conaox, cow, bullbichinadeercona3oxpichijnia gona
picotawhipping post
pinnijseedbijnij
pisasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
pisosesp. var. ofbixocefather
pixocesp. var. ofbixocefather
pizalooeyelaofacepiza-eye

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bzilo

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bzalo

Q

q-2sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
qchelayosp. var. ofguechelayoworld
que2sp. var. ofcue2plot
que3that (previously mentioned)
que=no, not (marker of negation)
que-1sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
que-2reiterative irrealis aspect
que-3causative irrealis aspectgue-3
queche2sp. var. ofgueche1pueblo
quechi2thornquichi4quec-thorgueche guibanailyaga quechithorny tree

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guich

quecorivergegoguegoquegoquec-rive

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: gueu

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gueu

quectosp. var. ofguetaodeceased
quegosp. var. ofquecoriver
quela31cornfield2sown fieldquel-corn

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gel

quela11night2morningquel-nigh

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guel

quela=nominalizergue=guela gotideathguelarijenij1understandquela cahuidarknessquela huexihuisinquela nabanilifequela quichasicknessquelahuechàgañaaniquelahuechijcompassionquelarieniunderstandingquella huetogotichaproclamationquella naly
quela cahuidarknessquela=nominalizerquel-dark

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gal ncai

quela guichaasp. var. ofquela quichasickness
quelaguichiasp. var. ofquela quichasickness
quelahuechàgañaanimarriagequela=nominalizerrichagajoinnaa4hand=ni1he, she, it, theyquelahuechagañaani
quelahuechijpity, compassionquela-huechibàa-làchi, quela-tànachibàaquela=nominalizerquellahuechiie
quela huexihuisinquela=nominalizerquelahuexijhui
quela nabanilifequela=nominalizerquelanabaaniquel-life

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gal mbany

quelanibecause
quela quichasickness, illnessquela=nominalizerquicha1sickquela guichaaquelaguichiaquel-sick

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: galguizh

quelarieni understandingguelaanayanijquela=nominalizerrieniunderstandquel-unde

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gal ryeiny

quellacooquiikingdom(NOM=lord)
quellagootisp. var. ofguela gotideath
quellahuechiiesp. var. ofquelahuechijcompassion
quella huetogotichaproclamationquela=nominalizer
quella nalytruthquela=nominalizernalistraight, true
quete1below2downquet-down

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guet

queto1squashquet-squa

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyet

quezacaagaingaasaaca
qui-(irrealis aspect)c-1g-1ga-gue-2gui-q-2que-1quitobiall
quiba1tombquib-tomb
quiba2metalguibaquib-metagueche guibanaillichiquibajail

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyieb

quicha1sickquic-sickbeniquichasick personquela quichasickness
quicha2hair; furquic-hair

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyichicy

quichi4sp. var. ofquechi2thorn
quichi1paperguichi1quic-pape

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyets

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gits

quie1rock, stoneguiequie-rocknizaquierain

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyia

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: gui

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gia

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gie

quiebaheavenquiiebaquiiehaaquie-heav

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: yba

quiezeeQuiezee, a barrio in San Sebastian Teitipac
quiiebasp. var. ofquiebaheaven
quiiehaasp. var. ofquiebaheaven
quijxeesp. var. ofriquixepay
quijxi2pay (irrealis stem)riquixepayquij-pay

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: quizh

quina2boxcaxa
quina1sowed land, fieldcue2plotlayoland
quiquie2headquiq-head

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guëcy

quitabisp. var. ofquitobiall
quitobiall, wholequi-irrealis aspecttobionequitabiquitoviquit-all

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: deiby

quitovisp. var. ofquitobiall
quixee3tomorrowquixee quixee
quixee quixeeevery dayquixee3tomorrow
quoqui2sp. var. ofcoquinoble

R

raacasp. var. ofraca2do
rabitell, saycinñijrabi-tell
raca11be, exist2be able to, cancoca1be (perfective stem)raca-beracapeaknow

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: rahk

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rak

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rac

racapeaknowraca1be, canpeameasure, orderraca-know

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: racbe

racisleepraci-slee

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rasy

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rasy

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: raisy

rago1eatcotagoeat (perfective stem)reagochewrago-eat

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rau

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: (gal) rquini

-raoosp. var. of-taogreat
rapahaverapa-have

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: rap

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rap

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rap

ratibe dead (not perfective)coti2die (perfective stem)roti2killrati-bede

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: raty

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: raty

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: raty

re-reiterative habitual aspectte-
reanaremain, be leftrean-rema

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rian

reapirise
renasayrenapeaorder
renabaask again, demand againrenavarinabaask
renabeasp. var. ofrenapeaorder
renapeaorder, commandCo721-5 25.1tebela naabea BeJuananaa dios gatiawhen the Lord God orders that I dieFeria 086 1.4laa loo canî celij pelohui bixocelato xiticha sancta yglesia nitij, ni tenapeani, quitaalij beni Chistianos cagoni sacramẽto...and since then the priests have always taught this commandment of the church: which commands that all Christians take communionVellon 097-8a 12.1Xinni xtennia, xiñaana Santa Iglesia rennabeeani, quitoobi xeneepe christiano coxoobaxtollani chaaga chaaga yza chy quaresmaMy son, our mother the Holy Church commands that all Christians confess each year at Lent.renasaypeameasure, orderrenabeanape-orde

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rinibee

renavasp. var. ofrenabaask again
rithisri-this

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: re

ri-habitual aspectry-ti-
ribanastealbée-lànacolanasteal (perfective stem)riba-stea

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rban

ribenigiveribe-give
ribepeaorder, commandrinipeyapeameasure, order
ribezaribe-live

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rbez

ricatakecue3rica-take

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rca

ricachi1be hidden2be buriedrigacharocachihide, bury
ricapea1order, put in order, ordain2confirmpeameasure, order
richasp. var. ofticha1word
richacasp. var. ofrichagajoin
richagajoin, meetrichacarichigatchagaquelahuechàgañaani
richibabe siting elevated; be on (something)rochibaput on top of somethingribibasitripesit
richigasp. var. ofrichagajoin
ricireceivezij7receive (irrealis stem)
rielilachibelievelachiheartriyelilachiriyelolachiriel-beli

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rindilaz

rieniunderstandquelarieniunderstanding
rietacome, arriveriet-come

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ried

rigachasp. var. ofricachibe hidden, be buried
riloxeend, finishrilo-end

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rluazh

rinabaaskrinavarenabaask againrina-ask

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rnab

rinabeasp. var. ofrinipeyacommand
rinalaoseelaofacerina-see

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rinylo

rinavasp. var. ofrinabaask
rini2say, speakrni-sayrinipeyacommand

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rini

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rinii

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: rni

rini1thistini1rini-this

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ren

rinipeyacommand, orderribepearini2saypeameasure, ordernnijpearinabearini-comm

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rnabe

ripechisingtéchi2
riquicedivide up
riquine1hit, beat2punishcoti1hit (perfective stem)riqu-hit

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rguiny

riquixepayquijxeequijxi2pay (irrealis stem)cotixepay (perfective stem)riqu-pay

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rguizh

risaca1suffer2be injuredrixacarizacarosacaharm someone risa-suff

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rzac

risobasp. var. ofrizobabe located
ritahobe soldribijxi
riti1be sitting2exist, be (existential)Feria 22r 1.2quelani cani tobicica bitoo Dios natijni, yalati quiela, yagala: cani nalij bitoo Dios nabàni‎because but only one God exists, not stone or wood, but truly living God
ritilla1fight, quarrelriti-figh

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rdily

ritobiendriaalaoendrito-end
ritopanisabe baptized, get baptizedFeria 64v 5.3Cicanilato chicotobaniçato, chicani oalijca cobigañeto, pigabañeto bejoãnana Dios…But when you were baptized, you joined with God...But when you are baptized, you join with God...Feria 87v 5.2Oanana càto xini, oalijca yobi obispo, chela cechacuee copa bito tibezani lichi Dios niateni laya, chijla, quelala, chela teyonninilachi Dios niatenilato, chelañe tapani animas xitenito, tococe te nilato, ti bezaniloo quela huexoba xitolalato, totobaniçani lato, chela tonini cechacuee loo xichiña anima xitenito.nizawaterrotobanizabaptizerito-beba

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rtyopnyis

rixacasp. var. ofrisacasuffer
riyelilachisp. var. ofrielilachibelieve
riyelolachisp. var. ofrielilachibelieve
riyo11be contained, be inside, be enclosedCo721-4 25.1noonij arrchijbo xtenij Don Geronimo Crispinit is in the archive of Don Geronimo Crispin2be located3existyòo25sown
rizawalkriza-walk

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rza

rizabi1be floating2be hangingtozabi2be obligatedriza-befl

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rzeiby

rizacasp. var. ofrisacasuffer
rizalachiconsider, thinktozaalachithink, considerrolabalachithink, consider
rizanabe lefttozanaleave
rizibuyrizi-buy

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rzi

rizo1be standing2be uprightçòo23rizo-stansochiwestsociliaeasttizoxibibe kneelingzocahuisouthzotolanorth

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rzu

rizoba1be located (sitting, standing, lying)2be placedrisobarizo-belo

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zub

rizolobeginFeria 7 3.2Pea tiazi anima lànini, pealoogacanitizijni xiquela nabanini, tizoloolij ticuini. But when the spirit enters in it, then it receives life and begins to move.rizo-begi

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rzalo

roasp. var. oftohua1mouth, at the edge of
rocachi1hideConf (18 3.1Quiraa cotyxeleea; aca xyti peccaachia.2buryricachibe hidden, be buriedroca-hide

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rcwats

rocete2study, learncete4cète4ricete3
rochiba1put (something) on something high; put (something) up high, put (something) on something elserichibabe sitting elevated
rocillasave; redeemrolla1tozilla2
rolabe halfrola-half

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rual

rolabacount, count uprolabalachithink, consider
rolabalachi1think about, reflect on2consider3conjecturerolabacountlachiheartlachiheartrizalachithink, considertozaalachithink, consider
ronaunderstand
ronidorunibeni2do (perfective stem)
ronichigivenècheroni-give

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rnizh

roñiitiloosp. var. ofronitilodestroy; forgive (sins)
ronijtilaosp. var. ofronitilodestroy; forgive (sins)
ronitiláosp. var. ofronitilodestroy; forgive (sins)
ronitilo1damage, destroy2forgive(sins)(w/CAUS)nijtilaooroñiitilooronijtilaoronitiláo
ropasp. var. oftopatwo
rotetegivetettete2be positioned acrossrote-give

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rdeidy

roti1sellroti-sell

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rto

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: (gal) rto'

roxihuisin, do wrongxihùi
roxine1break2destroy
roza1create, makeFeria 26h 1.1Alaatij, quelani naquiña tete cozobato xitichani quichibito, cijnachito yobini, niani quela co cannatao xitenito nacani, ni pezaanilato, nitoyánanilato: The fear and reverence that you (pl) have to give for being our father, who created you and maintains you : Oc686-1 28.1yoo ni bezaya lolaa cani re lahui noo lachini[with] the house that I built in Oaxaca, thus it is here in the middle, in the hands ofmy house similarly the house that I made in Oaxaca __ is to remain in the middle [under joint ownership?] and in the hands of
rua2sp. var. oftohua1mouth, at the edge of
ruarini1heretoarini
runisp. var. ofronido
ry-sp. var. ofri-habitual asp.

S

s-2sp. var. ofze-definite future aspect
s-1sp. var. ofxi-marker on possessed nouns
saa-sp. var. ofze-definite future aspect
sacaasp. var. ofnazacabe good, healthy
SalesSales
satovisp. var. ofsetobianother
se-sp. var. ofze-definite future aspect
Senior Juo[n] del CruzSeñor Juan de la Cruz
sethobijsp. var. ofsetobianother
setobianotherze- 2another(pre-QUANT)tobionecetobicitobisatovisethobijsetouisetubisetuvijzetobi
setouisp. var. ofsetobianother
setubisp. var. ofsetobianother
setuvijsp. var. ofsetobianother
si-sp. var. ofze-definite future aspect
socahuisp. var. ofzocahuisouth
socaysp. var. ofzocahuisouth
sochiwestrizobe standingsuchisoch-west

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: sacai

Socijllasp. var. ofsociliaeast
sociliaeastrizobe standingSocijllasosillasoci-east

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: sasily

solarsolar, plot of land for a homesola-sola

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: salary

sosillasp. var. ofsociliaeast
sotiolasp. var. ofzotolanorth
Sotiolasp. var. ofzotolanorth
sotolasp. var. ofzotolanorth
suaniSan Jeronimo Tlachochahuayasuan-tlac

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: Zunyro

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: Zunni Ro'

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: Zunny

suchisp. var. ofsochiwest
sutiulasp. var. ofzotolanorth
sutulasp. var. ofzotolanorth

T

tafour (B set of numbers)taa6tapa2fourtaa-four
taa6sp. var. oftafour (B set of numbers)
taanisp. var. oftanimountain
tahapetatetaha-peta

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: da

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: da’

tana1seerana-see

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ran

tana21plow2cultivaterana-plow

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ra’n

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ran

tanihill, mountaintaanitani-moun

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: dany

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: dain

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dany

-taogreat, big-raoobitaogreat spirit, godcitao2much, largeyootoochurch
tapa2fourtafour (B set of numbers)tapa-fourchijnio bij tapaanineteen

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tahp

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tap

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tap

tatafatherbixocefathertata-fath

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xtad

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dad

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: dad

tchagasp. var. ofrichagajoin
te-sp. var. ofre-reiterative habitual aspect
tebelaifFeria 23v 2.3tebela niatito chicani, loolij cabilla niyeto chicaniif you would have died then, then you would have descended straight to hellbela1if
techesp. var. oftexiback, shoulders
tee1sintola1xihui4
telarloom
testigowitnesstest-witn

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: testiu

tetsp. var. ofrotetegive
=tetevery
texi1back, shoulders2behindteche
ti1sinful, decietful
=ti21no, not (second element in negative)2up to the point of, up until, at the time of3(what)ever
ti-sp. var. ofri-habitual asp.
tia11generation2relative
tiagaeartiyagatiag-eartozobatiagohear

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: dyag

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dyag

ticha1wordrichatichiatich-wordticha zaaZapotec languagetichapeaorder, commandment

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: didx

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: dizh

tichabeasp. var. oftichapeaorder, commandment
tichabeyasp. var. oftichapeaorder, commandment
tichapea1order2commandmentticha1wordpeameasure, ordertichabeatichabeyatichapea
tichapeasp. var. oftichapeaorder, commandment
ticha zaaZapotec languageticha1wordtich-zapo

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: Dizhsa

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: Dizaa

tichiasp. var. ofticha1word
tini1sp. var. ofrini1this
tiopasp. var. oftopatwo
tipelaif
tiusp. var. oftiuaforty
tiuafortytiutiua-fort

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tiwa’

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: tyua

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tyiuua’

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tiwa

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tyua

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tiwa’

tizoxibibe kneelingrizobe standingxijbikneetizo-knee

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rzuzhiby

=toyou; your, yours (second person plural bound pronoun)latoyou (plural)
to-1causative habitual aspect
toarinisp. var. ofruarini1here
tobamaguey, agavetoba-magu

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: dub

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dub

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: dub

tobionetouitovituvichaga1one (B set of numbers)tobi-onequitobiallsetobianothertobi tobi

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tui

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: toby

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tuby

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: teiby

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: toby

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: teiby

tobi tobievery, each, every onetobione
tohua11mouth2edge3at the edge ofroarua2tohu-mout

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ru

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ru'

tohui1ugly, bad
tola1sintee1xihui4
tomintomin
tona4we, us, our, ours (first personal plural free pronoun)=nawe
tona1look
tonilengthlezo
tonowe; us; our, ours (first person plural free pronoun)=nowe
=tonowe; us; our, ours (first person plural bound pronoun)=nowe=tonò2
=tonò2sp. var. of=tonowe
topatworopatiopacatotwo (B set of numbers)topa-two

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tiop

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: tyop

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tyop

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tyop

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tyop

toti1any
touisp. var. oftobione
tovisp. var. oftobione
tozaalachi1consider, think2be:mercifulrizalachithink, considerrolabalachithink, consider
tozabi21be obligated2oweo-causative asp.rizabifloatrizabifloat
tozalachi1give
tozilla2sp. var. ofrocillasave
tozobatiagoheartiagaear
tuvisp. var. oftobione

U

u-sp. var. ofo-causative asp.

V

vi-2sp. var. ofbi-1perfective aspect
vijsaasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
vijzasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
vissaasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
vitosp. var. ofbitaogreat spirit, god
vixocesp. var. ofbixocefather
vizasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
vizaasp. var. ofbizaborder marker

X

x-sp. var. ofxi-marker on possessed nouns
xa2howxa-how

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: xa

=xaemphatic marker
xaba1clothes2cloak, outerwearxaba-clot

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: xab

xana3plantxana-plan

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zha

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhan

xana21buttockstaxîche2under, beneath, at the base ofxana-butt

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhan

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zha

xe-sp. var. ofxi-marker on possessed nouns
=xisp. var. of=cionly
xi-of (marker on possessed nouns)ex-s-1x-xe-xy-xina1motherxiteniof, from
xiba1article2chapter of a book
xichishoulder
xihui4sintee1tola1xijhuij
xihùisp. var. ofroxihuisin
xijbikneexibi-kneetizoxibibe kneeling

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhiby

xijhuijsp. var. ofxihui4sin
xijtenijsp. var. ofxiteniof, from
xijtoonionxijt-onio

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhie’ty

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhieʼty

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhihty

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhity

xilla11mercy2gift, benefit
xilla6cottonxill-cottbecoxillasheepmani peco xillasheep

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhi’lly

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhily

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhily

xillani1servant2disciple
xina1motherxi-marker on possessed nounsnaa7motherxiniaxina-moth

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: xnan

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nan

xiñe2ugliness
xini1childchinixini-chilbenexiinichild

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: shi’nia

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhi’ny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhiny

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhi’n

xiniasp. var. ofxina1mother
xinichapadaughterxini1childchapayoung womanxinichiapaxini-daug

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhiʼndxap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhiny dxa’p

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhinyzhyap

xinichiapasp. var. ofxinichapadaughter
xiniganasonxini1childxini-son

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhinga’n

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: xin gan

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhi’n gan

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhinyhan

xiniyochi1sibling-in-law2child-in-law
xiteniof, from (possessive)xi-marker on possessed nounsxijtenijxtenextenixtinixite-of

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: xten

xitila1jewelry, treasure2item:for:sale?
xoananoblexonna
xoba1cornxoba-corn

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhuub

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhub

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhub

xonaxi1lady2Lady (Virgin)xonnaxixonosixoonaxijxonaxi coquitaonoblewoman
xonnasp. var. ofxoananoble
xonnaxisp. var. ofxonaxilady
xonoeightxono-eigh

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xoon

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: xon

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: xon

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: xon

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: xon

xonosisp. var. ofxonaxilady
xoonaxijsp. var. ofxonaxilady
xopasixxopa-six

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xop

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: xo’p

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: xop

xteofxte-of

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: xte

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: xten

xtenesp. var. ofxiteniof, from
xtenisp. var. ofxiteniof, from
xtinisp. var. ofxiteniof, from
xuanaMister
xuaressp. var. ofjuares
xy-sp. var. ofxi-marker on possessed nouns
xygabaaccount

Y

y-(irrealis aspect)
=yaI; me; my, mine (first person singular bound pronoun)=ana5I
ya=no, not (marker of negation)
yaca3sp. var. ofyaga1tree, wood
yaca1no, not (marker of negation)
yaga11wood; timber2tree3stickyaca3yaga-woodYàga quèçawillow tree

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyag

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: yag

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: yag

yaga quechithorny treeyaga1tree, woodquechi2thornyaga-thor

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guichiu

yaga quiasp. var. ofyaga quillaalder tree
yaga quillaalder treeyaga quia
yalacopal incenseyala-copa

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyal

yana2corn cob

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: yan

yana1sp. var. ofana1now
yanachisp. var. ofanachitoday
yanineckyani-neck

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyeny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: yany

yobi1sameyopi
yochosp. var. ofyoho1house
yoho1houseyo1yochoyoho-houyoolichihouseyootoochurch

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: yu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: yu’

yohotosp. var. ofyootoochurch
yoo1land, dirt, earthyuyo-landlayolandnezayomain road

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: yug

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: yu

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: yu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: yu

yooholichisp. var. ofyoolichihouse
yoolichsp. var. ofyoolichihouse
yoolichihouseyoho1houselichihouseyooholichiyoolich
Yoolijchsp. var. oflichihouse
yootoochurchyoho1house-taogreatyohotoyuhuttoyoot-chur

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: yudau

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gdo

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ydo

yopisp. var. ofyobi1same
ysayearizayzaysa-year

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: iz

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: iz

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: iëz

yusp. var. ofyoo1land
yuhuttosp. var. ofyootoochurch
yzasp. var. ofysayear

Z

za1grease, fat2wax3candle made of wax or fatza-grea

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: za

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: za

ze-1definite future aspect2another (before quantifiers and numbers)cechacueothersetobianothers-2saa-se-si-
zeechacueesp. var. ofcechacueother
zeheear of corn, corn on the cobzeye

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ze'

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ze'

zetobisp. var. ofsetobianother
zeyesp. var. ofzeheear of corn
=zisp. var. of=cionly
zihaoosp. var. ofzijhaoo
ziiaahosp. var. ofzijaaho
ziiguiietrick?
zijaahotrade?ziiaaho
zocahuisouthrizobe standingsocahuisocayzoca-sou
zotolanorthrizobe standingsotiolaSotiolasotolasutiulasutulazoto-nort

Showing 761 total vocabulary entries.

The vocabulary was last updated April 21, 2022, 10:09 a.m.