Colonial Valley Zapotec to English Vocabulary

This Vocabulary contains 804 words and morphemes commonly found in the documents and some of their variant spellings. There are two main parts: the main dictionary (Zapotec to English) and the English-to-Zapotec Reverse Index, which can be used to look up a word in the main section.

If you know what the word might mean, but do not know what the Zapotec word might look like, the index will likely be the most useful place for you to look. Be sure to try looking under synonyms, as well.

If you are trying to figure out what an unidentified Zapotec word might mean, recall that spelling can be quite variable. Here are some tips for finding a Zapotec word in the dictionary:

  • Disregard any accent marks. For example, if you are looking for <quéche> try by looking under <queche>.
  • If you don’t find the word spelled exactly as you found it in the text, trying changing the spelling in ways listed below. For example, if you are looking for <aanna> and do not find it there, try looking under <ana>.
    change to
    double consonants single consonants
    double vowels single vowels
    <ij> <i>
  • Disregard any <h> between two identical vowels. For example, if you are looking for <anachihi> and find nothing there, try looking under <anachi>.
  • Keep in mind that the following letter (sequences) may be used interchangeably. If you expect your word to have one of these letters, try replacing it with the one (or ones) in bold, e.g. if you are looking for <veni> you might also look under <peni> and <beni>.
    • p, b, u, v
    • t, d
    • g, gu, c, q, qu
    • s, z, x, c, ç
    • u, o
    • e, i

There are two types of entries. Main entries, like anachi and beni below, and cross references for spelling variants, like anachihi below. Cross-references always contain the headword and the cross reference to the main entry. Main entries minimally contain the headword and the definition. They may optionally contain other elements, such as notes on the composition of the word, a list of spelling variants, and sub-entries of words related to that headword. Below, three entries are broken down and their component parts are numbered. A key to these numbered parts follows directly below the sample entries.
1 headword Each definition starts with a headword.
2 definition The headword is followed by a definition. If there are multiple senses to a word, they are numbered.
3 notes on morphological composition The component parts of a word may be noted. For example anachi is made up of ana ‘now’ and chi ‘day’.
4 spelling variants Some possible spelling variants are listed.
5 cross-reference from a spelling variant Some spelling variants (sp. var.) are listed in the vocabulary with a cross reference to the main headword.
6 sub-entry Some subentries are listed under headwords. These can also be found as headwords with more information.
7 example Some entries have examples. The examples are introduced with a reference to the text from which they come, followed by the Zapotec examples in italics and the English translation in quotes.
8 cross-reference Some entries contain cross-references to other entries.
9 modern cognate with audio Some entries contain cognates with audio. Click on the blue play button to hear a native speaker pronounce the cognate in that modern Valley Zapotec variety. Click on the black arrow to jump to that entry in the corresponding Talking Dictionary.

The modern cognates with audio come from four Talking Dictionaries of modern Valley Zapotec languages. These dictionaries are collaborations with native speakers and were made possible by Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, K. David Harrison, and Jeremy Fahringer. We owe special thanks to Fahringer for enabling the mechanism whereby Ticha can interact with the Talking Dictionaries. The language varieties are listed below with links to the Talking Dictionaries and the names of the contributing speakers.

San Jerónimo Tlacochahuaya Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/tlacochahuaya

Speakers: Moisés García Guzmán, Angélica Guzmán Martínez, Antonio García Cruz, María Mercedes Méndez Morales.

San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/sanlucasquiavini

Speakers: Felipe H. Lopez and Victoria Lopez.

Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/teotitlan

Speakers: Camillo Alavéz Alavéz, Gario Angeles, Manuel Bazan Chávez, Froilán Carreño Gutiérrez, Natalia Carreño Hernandez, Janet Chávez Santiago, Federico Chávez Sosa, Elena García Jimenez, Noel Alejandro García Juárez, Silvia González Ruiz, Ambrocio Gutiérrez, Bibiana Gutiérrez, Zenón Pablo Gutiérrez, Erasto Gutiérrez López, Celso Gutiérrez Montaño, Jorge David Hernández Sosa, Edison Hipólito de los Ángeles, Camelia Lazo Chávez, Teresa Martínez Chavez, Adrián Martínez Mendoza, Leonardo Martínez Sosa, Miguel Ángel Mendoza Bautista, Rocío Mendoza Bazán, Manuel de Jesús Mendoza Chávez, Teresa Manuela Mendoza Ruíz, Miros Laba, Cristina Ruiz, Rosa Ruiz González, Francisco Ruiz Gutiérrez, Mariano Sosa Martinez.

Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec

http://www.talkingdictionary.org/tlacolula

Speakers: Roberto Antonio Ruiz, and Josefina Antonio Ruiz.

Lillehaugen, Brook Danielle, George Aaron Broadwell, Michel R. Oudijk, Laurie Allen, May Helena Plumb, and Mike Zarafonetis. 2017. "Colonial Valley Zapotec to English Vocabulary." Ticha: a digital text explorer for Colonial Zapotec, first edition. Online: https://ticha.haverford.edu/en/vocabulary

A

=asp. var. of=yaI; me
acano, not (negative particle)acáacà1áca5accaacuaacuaahacahäcahǎcaya=no, notyaca1no, notaca-not
acuasp. var. ofacano, not
alaariisp. var. ofalariitem
alani1item (used to mark items in a list)2Here!Alaalanijalariitemalariniitem
alariitem (used to mark items in a last)alaariAlaarialaariialaarijAlaarijalǎatijAlarialarijAlarijAllarialaniitemalariniitem
alarini1item (used to mark items in a list)2Here!AlaariiniialaarijnialaarinialaatijnialáatijnialaatinialäatiniAlariniAlarinijalatinialaxijnialaxiniAlaxiniAllaariniiAllarinilatinialaniitemalariitemalar-item
alatinisp. var. ofalariniitem
ana3sp. var. ofnana3know
ana1nowAna1ãnaanaa2Anaaanna1Annaannaaannaàna7yana1yanna2yannàyánná2yànnàana-nowanachitoday

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: na

anachitodayana1nowchi3dayaanaachijanaachijAnaachijAnachianachihiañachiianachijañachijanchiannaachijannachiannachijannachyyanachiyannachijyánnáchijanac-toda

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nadxi

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: an dxi

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nazhi

anachihisp. var. ofanachitoday
añachijsp. var. ofanachitoday
anchisp. var. ofanachitoday
articolosp. var. ofarticulosarticles

B

ba-sp. var. ofbe-2causative perfective aspect
bacaa1Tlacolulabacaa2
bacaa2sp. var. ofbacaa1
balalatisp. var. ofbelalatibody
be-2causative perfective aspectba-Be-pe-2pé-pee-1
be-4reiterative perfective aspect
becogo1altar2seat; thronebecògobecogoobecoogobeecogoobeecoogopecegopecocopecogopegocovecogoVecogobeco-alta

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bku

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bcu

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: baku

becogoosp. var. ofbecogoaltar, seat
becoxillasheep, ewemáni xíllapéhue-xíllapeco2dogxilla6cottonpecoxillapecoxilla huinisheepbeco-shee

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhily

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhi’ily

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhily

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhily

beecogoosp. var. ofbecogoaltar, seat
bejuanalordbBbehuanabejànanabejoanabejoánabejoànabejoãnaBejoãnabejoañanabejoannaBejoannabejoñanabejuaBejuanaBeJuanabejuanaaBeJuanaabejuannaBejuannabejuannnaBesuanabexoanaBexoanabexoannabexonabexuanaBexuanaBexuhuanobezhuanabezuanaBjoãnabnapejuanabeju-lord

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bexhuan

bela1ifpela2Pèla5tebelaifbela-if

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bal

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bel

bela2flesh, meatbalabèlapela3Pèla5pelaapellapela-fleshuèti pèlaPela xillaflesh of ram

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bel

belaalatisp. var. ofbelalatibody
belalatibodybela2fleshlati1bodybalalatibelaalatipelalaripelalatipellaalaatipellalaatipellalati
bene2mudFeria 5r 2.3oalica cani yoo cuyaa beniati, chela yagalati yoo nazaca, cani penna yoo cuyaanitruly people were formed from the earth, and not from good earth, but they were formed from mudyoo pènnebennepéñepennapennepénnePénnePènne2bene-mud

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: banny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bahny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bany

benegolasp. var. ofbenigola1old person
benequichasp. var. ofbeniquichasick person
benexiinichildbeni1personxini1child
beni1personbeenibenbene1beneeBenibenîbeñibènibenijbenjbenniBennibenníbennìbennîbini2penepenipénipěnipénjpinipínipinniVenijbeni-persbenexiinichildbeni tahomerchantbeni zaZapotec personbeniatipeoplebenigola1old personbenigonawomanbenigotidead personbeniniguiomanbeniquichasick personpène-gònnàwifePéni cobáanaPeni cogóbaPéni còolipàanaPeni hualàchePèni hue+chijllaPèni hue-còo lápa-quíque-niPeni làya lècePeni naquéetichaPeni na-quèe-tichaPèni naquèe-ticha-zàbi, tichaleànaPeni te+chibàa-làchiPèni tòti-pèllapeni-làchi-xènipenitixenitizochilachi peni gonalost loves in love or lost

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bëny

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: benny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bëny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: buny

beni2do (perfective stem)eeni2ene5èni9ênienni2enní2ronido
beniatibeni1personbeneatiben̄ēatibeñeyatibeniaatibeniatijbeniatobenniaatibenniaatíbenníaatibenniatibenniatijpeniátipenijatibeni-peopguela beniatihumanity, humanness

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: binit

beni cijpoor person; needy personpèni na+zijpoor personbeni1personzij1affliction poorbenni zijpeni zij
Benigichiasp. var. ofBenigichijbeniquichasick person
Benigichijsp. var. ofbeniquichasick person Benigichia
benigola1old personbeni1persongolaoldbenegolabengolabennigolabeni-oldp

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bën gul

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bangual

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ben gull

benigola2old person, elder
benigona1woman2wifelechela 1beni1persongona2woman, femalebeni1persongona2woman, femalebenigonàbenigonâbenigònabennigonaabennigonnaapènegònnàbeni-womaxiquijcha penigonàshirt of women

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: beny gunà’

benigotidead personbeni1personcoti2die (perfective stem)benicòribenicotibenicòtibennigootibeni-dead
benigueche1servant2vassal
beniguichasp. var. ofbeniquichasick person
beniniguiomanbeni1personbeniniquiobenniniguiobeni-man

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: beny ngiu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nayu

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: buny nguiu

beniniquiosp. var. ofbeniniguioman
beniquichasick personbeni1personquicha1sickbenequichaben̄ēquichaBenigichiaBenigichijbeniguichabenijquijchabenniquichabeni-sick
beni tahomerchanthueciyahobeni1person
beni zaZapotec personbeni1personbenní zaabeni-zapo

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: Bën Za

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: Bën Za

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: buny Dizhza

bennigonaasp. var. ofbenigonawoman
benni zijsp. var. ofbeni cijpoor person
beosp. var. ofpeomoon, month
besosesp. var. ofbixocefather
Besuanasp. var. ofbejuanalord
bexuanasp. var. ofbejuanalord
Bexuhuanosp. var. ofbejuanalord
beyosp. var. ofpeomoon, month
bi-1perfective aspectbe-3bii-1bij-pe-1pè-pee-2pi-1pí-pij-vi-2
bi-2and (used in complex numbers)bí-bï-bǐ-bii-2bij-pi-2vi-1vui-chijnio bij tapaanineteen
bichidrybiichibich-dryricacopichabe dry

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nabiz

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: mbiaz

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: biz

bichichi1treasure2moneybichijchibichijchijBychichipichchipichichibich-treabichichi nagachigoldbichichi nagaosilver
bichichi nagachigoldbichichitreasurena-stative asp.nagachebe yellowbichichinagachibich-gold
bichichi nagaosilverbichichitreasurebich-silv
biganaservant
bijnijsp. var. ofpinnijseed
bijxoozeesp. var. ofbixocefather
bisasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
bitanisp. var. ofbytanihuipil
bitao1God (great spirit)2great life force, great spiritbiiwindbidaobiitobiitoobijtaoobijtooBijtoobitobitooBitoobittobittoopitao2pitopitòo2vitonixipitàoadore as to godquelabitoodivinity
bixocefatherbesosebiixoozebijxoceebijxoozeeBijxoseBixocebixoçebixoçeebixooceBixoocebixoozeBixoozebixoozeebixoseBixosebixozeBixozebixozeebyxoocepiixocepiixozeepisosepixocepixoçePixózevixoceVixocevixoçevixozetatafatherbixo-fathbixoce copabitaopriestbixozecolagrandfatherPixòcecoquì còpapitòoabbot prelate of monksPixózetonófather and mother all ancestorsvixozegoxanabirth father

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bixus

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bxoz

bixoce copabitaopriestbixocefathercopapitaopriest, confessorbesose copabitoobijxoce capautioobijxoce Copavijtoovixoce copavitovixoce Copavitoo
bixoozegollasp. var. ofbixozecolagrandfather
bixosesp. var. ofbixocefather
bixozesp. var. ofbixocefather
bixozecolagrandfatherbixocefathergolaoldbixoozegollatijticolaxitegoola
biysaasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
bizaborder markerbiizaabijsaabisabisaaBisaabisajbissa2biysaabizaabizaayabiziabysaapisapizapizaa1pizaa2vijsaavijzaVijzaavissaavizaVizavizaavysaabiza-bord

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: biza

biziasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
byguilliosp. var. ofbigilvigil
bytanihuipil (a traditional garment)bitanibytaanijBytaanijbytanijbyta-huip
byxoocesp. var. ofbixocefather

C

c-1sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
=ca21(emphatic marker)2then=cà=cä=cǎ=ça=caa=ga2=gaa1
ca3fivecaa5cáa11cǎaga2caa-five
ca2where (interrogative)ca-wher

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: kali

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: kali

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: cali

cachesevencaachecachacächeCochecòche1coochegachi2gaChicach-seve

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: jees

Hear it in Santiago Matatlán Zapotec: gaaz

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: gats

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: gaz

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: gaz

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: gaz

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gats

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gaz

caletwentycallecállecälleCällecǎllecolegaalagaaleeGalagaldigaleegaligallagooleecale-twencôlletwenty (perfective)

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: jaly

Hear it in Santiago Matatlán Zapotec: gaal

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: gal

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: galy

cani1then, in that casecanijcannicannîcani-and
catotwo (B set of numbers)cáto2cäto1cäto2topatwo
cayo1three (B set of numbers)cáyocǎyochonathreecayo-thre
cayoaone hundredcayo-oneh

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gaiyua

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: tib gayua

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: te gayoa

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tub gayua

cayonasixtycayónacayônacayǒnaquiônaquiǒnacayo-sixtcayona yoo chinioXigàba cayònasixty

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gayon

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gayon

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gayon

cayoosp. var. ofgayofive
câyoosp. var. ofgayofive
cechacueotherze- 2another(pre-QUANT)chacuesomececachuecechacuècechacueeçechacueechaacueecochacuezechaacueezeechaacuezeechaacueezeechaacueeizeechacuezeechacuee
celi1always2eternalce[lijceliicelijçelijselijzelliiceli-etercelijpeeternally
cete3saltcéticéyteciéteciticete-saltcete yocéte-quèezeceteteceteyapegoceteQuijxi cèterago cete

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zed

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zed

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zeidy

cete4sp. var. ofrocete2learn
cète4sp. var. ofrocete2learn
cétisp. var. ofcete3salt
cetobisp. var. ofsetobianother
céytesp. var. ofcete3salt
chachobe located separate (neutral aspect)
chacuesomecachueçechacuechacuèchac-somecechacueotherchácué làtosome of you (pl.)
chaga1one (B set of numbers)chaaga2chága5chägatobionechag-onechá-chá-yzaevery yearchaga chagaevery one

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: cha

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: txa

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: cha

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txa

chaga chagaevery, each, every onechaga1one (B set of numbers)chaaga chaagaChága chága
chana1Sir2Lady3LordchaanachaanaachànachanaachannaChannachonaachan-prie
chapayoung womanchaapachap-younxinichapadaughter

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhyap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dxa’p

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: dxap

che3sp. var. ofchi3day
chela1and, alsocheelacheelaachelaachellachellaachelaniaandchel-andchelaneand
chelaneandchela1and=newith
chi1tenchiichij14chi-ten

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsï

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: tsu

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: tsë

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tsë

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tsë

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tsë

chi3dayche3chee5chée3chi4Chichij2Chijchíjchiychy1chi-dayanachitodaychij DomingoSundaychij lunesMondaychij martesTuesday

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: dxii

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: dxi

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhi

chi4sp. var. ofchi3daywhenwhen chiijchij15chy3
chiba5miserychijbaachib-miseçàca-chibáaunspec. var. ofçàca na+chibàamake another poor afflictquela nachibaaaffliction

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: rzhiby

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nzhiby

chichibeapermission
chii gallabeaat the time of?
chiijsp. var. ofchi4when
chija2two hundred
chijnio bij tapaanineteen (fifteen and four)chino2fifteenbi-2and (in complex numbers)tapa2fourchijniobijtapaachin-nine

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: tseinyabtap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tsomptap

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tseinyabtap

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsïïnn bitap

chijñoosp. var. ofchino2fifteen
china51job, workQuela-huèni-chijna, quela-huèni-ñaani2position, officechiiñachijna3chijña1chinchiña3chiñaa3chin-workquela chiiñawork

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zeiny

chinisp. var. ofxini1child
chiniosp. var. ofchino2fifteen
chino1thirteenchijnio2chijnochijño3chij-thir

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: tso’ny

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: tza’any

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tso’ny

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tso’ny

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsïny

chino2fifteenchiinnochijnnochijnochijñoochiniochínochïnochin-fiftchijnio bij tapaanineteen

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: tsoni

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: tza’an

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: tsoni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: tsïïnn

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: tseiny

chiquethenchijquechiq-then

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: chicy

chitacueribcue1sidechit-rib

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zuat cwe teix

chonathreechēnachóna2chônachǒnachonnachoonachoǒnachoonaagionaona2cayo1three (B set of numbers)chon-thre

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txonn

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: chon

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: choon

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: chon

chonaasp. var. ofchanaSir, Lord
chy1sp. var. ofchi3day
=cionly, just=cí=cî=çi=cii=cij=ciy=cy=si=sij=ssii=xi=zi=zí=zii=zijci-only
ciani11many, muchcianeçianeciániçijaniziaanician-manyóni-láchi-ciánilie a lot

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zyeiny

ciani2morecitao2 3
cica31thus, like this2likeCicacíca3cìca5cîcacïcaçicaciicaciicáciìcacijcacycasicaSicasijcassicassiicaaXicazicaziicaazijcazijcaazijcanijcica-thuscìca niguijocicabeathuscicani1thus

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zicy

cicani1thus, like thiscica3thus, likesicanicica-like

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zicy ni

cicani2but
ciétesp. var. ofcete3salt
citao21abundant, numerous2large3moreciani2narào, citàoticijto2citao1citáocitoocitaola
citisp. var. ofcete3salt
citobisp. var. ofsetobianother
co-31(perfective aspect)2PERF.CAUS3ordinal maker (prefixed to numbers)4IRRVellon 097-8a 12.1Xinni xtennia, xiñaana Santa Iglesia rennabeeani, quitoobi xeneepe christiano coxoobaxtollani chaaga chaaga yza chy quaresma...My child, our mother the Holy Church commands that all Christians confess every year at Lent.Co-có-2cò-cô-cǒ-cõ-ćo-coo-Coo-cóo-cu-1go-2gõ-goo-gu-2gooxaanamother
cobánathiefco-1NOMribanastealcobaanacobànacobáana-láanaPéni cobáana
cobicha1sun2daycobijchacopichacubichacubiichagobichagobichiagobijchagobijchaagobychagocijchagoobijchagoobychagoobychaagouichagovichagovijchacobi-suncàa-copijcha

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gubidx

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gubixh

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: gubich

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: wbich

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: wbwizh

coca11be, exist (perfective stem)2be able to, can (perfective stem)caa3raca1be, can
Cochesp. var. ofcacheseven
cogujsp. var. ofcoquinoble
cola=(plural imperative)Arte 071 3.1cǒlacǎcatonǒ Let us be!Vellon 119 2.2xinni xtennia, cola colla; cotazeeni loo Bejuanana Dios, niani cocañeeni, guezalaachini xtenni benni guicha rymy children, cry, call to God our Lord to help and have mercy on this sick personcôla=cǒla=
cona41offering2sacrifice3tithecona1cónicoonaagona1gõnagoonagunagunaaGunaacona-offecòna diezmostithes

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guan

cona3bull, oxconnacona-oxpichina conaox, bull

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gu’n

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gu’n

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guan

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guan

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gu’n

cónisp. var. ofcona4offering, sacrifice
coniyamerchantni3sellconîyaconnija
coochesp. var. ofcacheseven
coopabijtaoosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
Cooquisp. var. ofcoquinoble
copa1guardcopocópa lichi-quijbawarden of a jailcòpa quéchecopa yóho-pijeguardian of a fortcopapitaopriest, confessorxicòpa còolàyagonnàabbess of nuns
copabitaosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
copa bitoosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
copapitaopriest, confessor, friarcopa1guardbitaogreat spirit, godcoopabijtaoocopa biitoocopa bitoocópabijtocopabijtoocopabitaocopabitocopabitoogoPa bittobixoce copabitaopriest
coquinoble; lord, ladycoguixcogujcooquiCooquicooquiicooquijcoquìcoquîcoquiicoquijgogui2goquiequoqui2coquí copa niça-táo paniadmiral of the seacoqui còpabitòoabbot, head priest
cotagoeat (perfective stem)taagotágo10tǎgorago1eat
coti1hit (perfective stem)riquinehit
coti2die, be dead (perfective stem)ratibe deadguela gotideath
cotixepay (perfective stem)cotisetijxeriquixepay
cue2plot (of land), fieldcuee1cuique2quee3layolandquina1sowed land
cue11side2beside, at the side ofcoeecue-sidechitacuerib

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: cwe

cue3took, has takenricatake
cue layoosp. var. ofcuelayooplot of land
cuelayoolot, plot of landcue2plotlayolandcue layoocueelayoocuelallocueyoofieldlayoland
cuisp. var. ofcue2plot
=cysp. var. of=cionly

Ç

çòo-sp. var. ofzo-PSBL
çôtieight thousandçóti

E

=esp. var. of=hèOh! (vocative)
elafour hundredalla1élaellaéllaeta-four
ellasp. var. ofelafour hundred
entierro1entombmententierro2
escaniobench
estaciahacienda
ex-sp. var. ofxi-marker on possessed nouns

G

g-1sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
ga1ninecaa2cäacǎagaa2gáa9gǎagaa-nine

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ja’

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: ga'a

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: ga

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: ga

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ga

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ga

ga2sp. var. ofca3five
ga-sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
galeesp. var. ofcaletwenty
galisp. var. ofcaletwenty
gayofivecaayocáayo2càayocǎayocaayoocayo2Cayocàyocayoocáyoocâyoocoyogaayogǎayogalloogáyogayoogayo-fivecooyo1five (perfective)Xigàba cayothe number five

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: jai’

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: gai

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: gai

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gai

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gai

gegosp. var. ofquecoriver
giniasp. var. ofquina1sowed land
gobichiasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
gobijchaasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
gobychasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
gochitilled, plowed, worked
gogui2sp. var. ofcoquinoble
golaoldcolagólagòla1golo1gulagola-oldbixozecolagrandfathertijticolaxitegoola
gona2female; womanconaagonágonàgonâgoǹagonaagoñaagonnagönnagönnǎgǒnnǎgonnaagoonabenigonawomanxi+quela+gonná-nihabit
gona1sp. var. ofcona4offering, sacrifice
goobijchasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
goobychasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
goobychaasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
goPa bittosp. var. ofcopapitaopriest, confessor
gouichasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
govichasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
govijchasp. var. ofcobichasun, day
gu-2sp. var. ofco-3perfective aspect
gue-3sp. var. ofque-3causative irrealis aspect
gue-1sp. var. ofhue-2perfect aspect
gue-2sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
gue=sp. var. ofquela=nominalizer
gueche1pueblo; town, villagegecheGuecheguecheeguechigueechegueecheeguichaoguichi2quchequecha1quecha2queche2queche1Quèche2quechi1quichi11guec-puebchàchàquècheto each cityguechelayoworld

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gueizh

gueche guibanailquechi2thorn
guechelayoworldgueche1pueblolayolandguechelayoogueecheelayoogueechelayooqchelayoquechelayooquetelayooguec-worl

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gëchlew

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gaxlyu

gueetasp. var. ofguetaodeceased
guegosp. var. ofquecoriver
guela gotideathquela=nominalizercoti2die (perfective stem)guelacotiguelagootiguelagotijquelagotiquellagootiquellagoti
guelahueexijhuijdial. var. ofnaquihasin
guelarieni understandingquela=nominalizerrieniunderstandguelarijenijguelatiyeniquelatièniguelaanayanijunderstandingquel-unde

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: galryeiny

guella yootideath
guesalachijsp. var. ofhuezalachilove, mercy
guetaodeceasedgootaoogueetaguetooquectoquedooquetaoqueto2quetooguet-dece

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: guty

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guty

gui-sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
guicha2wool
guichaosp. var. ofgueche1pueblo
guichi1sp. var. ofquichi1paper
guiesp. var. ofquie1rock
guiehuanamirrorQuíehuánaguie-mirr

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyigwan

guijibiodial. var. ofpiîlasoul
gunasp. var. ofcona4offering, sacrifice
GutierresGutierrez

H

ha3Oh! (vocative, before a noun)=hèOh! (vocative)
hacasp. var. ofacano, not
=hèOh! (vocative, after a noun)=e=he=Hèha3Oh! (vocative)
Hernandessp. var. ofHernandezHernandez
hua-1sp. var. ofhue-2perfect aspect
hua=sp. var. ofhue=perfect aspect
hualachi1homeland2native (to a place) (of a person)gualachigulachihualáchhualachehual-home

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lazh

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: lach

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lach

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: laxha’

hualica1true2trulyhue-2perfect aspectnalistraight, true=ca2(emphatic marker)huahalicahualijhualijcahualijcaahualliicaoalicaoalijca
hualliicasp. var. ofhualicatrue, truly
huayaani2manyAguero, 5.1Hualijca, Channa, cicaque pennia huayaanitete liaazaI have done this many times, Father
huayaaxeexpensive?
hue-21perfect aspecthuechaganiçthirst2another (used before numbers, see Cordova Arte 3.2.2.3.4)3reiterative perfect aspect4PRF(+perfective)a-gua-Gua-gue-1hu-hua-1Hua-huá-2huà-huä-huǎ-hué-2huee-hui-hvaoaOa-oà-ooa-
hue=perfect aspect (pre-aspect marker)hua=Hua=
huecayescribe
huelacelachipunishment
huezaa2creator
huezijaahosp. var. ofhueciyahomerchant

I

icilachisp. var. ofezilachiforgive
Iuliounspec. var. ofJulioJuly
izasp. var. ofysayear

J

juaresJuarezxuares
Juebessp. var. ofJuevesThursday

L

=la11and2or=lá=là=lâ=laa=lla1la-and
la1be namedlàa26lahllaa3la-name

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: la

la=1orlà=2laa=laá=laà=la-or
la=2plural imperativelà=1lä=
laa4namela31Laalàa26llaa3Làa quiròpa, làa coròpacommon name or surname or nickname
laachesp. var. oflachalarge flat land
laaneesp. var. ofllàni5
lacathis same, sameláacalaacaalaagalaagàlacaa
lachaflat land, flat field (perhaps relatively large)laachaalaachelàacheLàache2lachaalapaplain, flat landpezaaflat fieldlàache nàa quèchelàache yàcaLàache yàgarào
lachelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lachi1heart2insides (e.g. of a person or fruit)3soullaachiLachi2láchi4Láchi3làchi4Làchi6lachiilachijlächijllaachillaachii1llachiilach-hearáalalàchiforget, leave something forgotten or passed through the memoryàalaláchiforgetàtitàlaláchichijba-làchi1chijlàchito have mercy onchij-lachi2know.the.benefitschite-làchiçóhui-láchibe.contriteèlijlàchiguena...lachirememberhuiñalachisadnesslachinaain the hands oflachiquielachitochestlèle-làchinìni làchiòna-láchiPéa-ci-làchiracalachiwant; think, believerielilachibelieveritonalachirolabalachithink, considertàti-làchitílle-làchibe.inquisitive(?-heart)Tòona-làchia, telàce-làchiacry in the heart, like the Indians sayuaquilachibe carefulxianilachihave use of reasonyàca-làchizàalàchihave.mercyzàbi tètelàchiyearning, to be eager for something

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: la’z

Hear it in Santiago Matatlán Zapotec: lastho

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: laz do

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: laz do

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: laz

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: lasto

lachitochestlachiheartlachitoolach-ches
laga1widelaga-wide

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nlag

lagacasamelaagaacalaga-same

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lag

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lakzey

lahsp. var. ofla1be named
lanesp. var. ofllanego.out
lani21stomachCo721-1 23.1guela nabanij selij lanij guehuij quijebaa nijin life everlasting in the kingdom of heaven2inlaani2laaniiLaniláni1làni9laniilanijLanij2lannilannílannìlenilani-stom

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: la’nia

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: la’nia

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: le’ny

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lany

lani1party, feastlanîlannijlani-part

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: lani

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lani

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: loni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lani

lanicicasimilarlylaaniciicalaanizica2lani-simi
lao1face2surface3aspect, kind4in front of, before, on, in (body part locative)5to, through, from, by (non-locative prepostion)láo5Láo7lào16Lào13läolaoo1Laoolaulloolo1looLoolao-facelocuaforeheadrienelaoappeartèe-laoface down, put hanging thuslytóxe-láoa very dirty face

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: lo

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: lo

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lo

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lo

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lo

lapaplain, flat partlaapalaapaalachalarge flat landlapa-flat

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lats

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lats

Laquelacanisp. var. oflaquelacanithus
late2sp. var. oflati1body
late1where, place wherelaatelàte26lateelate-placlàte queya
lati1sp. var. oflati2clothbodybody la[ti]late2Latilatí
lati2cloth, clothes, clothinglarilarijlati1latílátilàti2lâtilati-clotcòquibalàtilàti-pecáahem; garment edge

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lady

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lady

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: lady

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lahdy

latinisp. var. ofalariniitem
latoyou; your, yours (second person plural free pronoun)=toyou (plural)laatoLàatolatólatòlátolàtolàtòlâtolǎtolato-youpchácué làtosome of you (pl.)

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: laat

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: laad

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: laat

laya21sacred thing2elegant thing3prayerlaayaláya2làya2layaallayaala2blessinglàya chijba quìe-pàathe sacred that is in heavenreacalayabe blessed
laya3sp. var. oflayoland
layoland, fieldyoo1landlaayaalaayolaayoolaya3layooLayoolayullaayoocue2plotcuelayooplot of landcueyoofieldquina1sowed landlayo-landcuelayooplot of landguechelayoworldquetè-layoo

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: lo nya

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: lo nya

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lyu

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: lonya

Layoosp. var. oflayoland
layusp. var. oflayoland
lazecloaklaçe
leçasp. var. oflezafellow person
lechalasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lechela1spouse, wife, husbandbenigona 2hueyàanaleza 22consort, loverlachelalechalalecheelaLechèlapèni, lichèla, xi-casadoleecheelaleechelalichelalichèlalochelalech-spou

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txel

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txel

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: txiel

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: chel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: chiel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: chiel

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: chel

leechelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lenisp. var. oflani2stomach, in
lesacasp. var. oflisacavalue, cost
lezawifelechela 1leçalecaalezaalezaanaleca-neig
lezaanasp. var. oflezafellow person
lezacasp. var. oflisacavalue, cost
lezolengthtonilezoo
lianijsp. var. ofllàni5
lichsp. var. oflichihouse
lichelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lichihouselichLichilichílíchilichijlijchilliichiiYoolijchlich-houslíchi còxolichiquibajailyoolichihouse

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: liz

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: liz

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: liaz

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lis

lichiquibajail, prisonlichihouselichi quibalichiguijbalîchiguijbaLichiquíbalychiquiba1lychiquiba2lich-jail

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lis gib

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: niz gib

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: liz gib

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: liaz gyieb

lisaca1cost, price; value2be worthyleçaaca2leçacalesacalesaxalezaacalezacalixacalizacallizaacaalisa-pric

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: sac

lizisp. var. oflizij
lizijput? insert? infuse?lizi
llanaaPftvcolanasteal (perfective stem)
llii2sp. var. ofnalistraight, true
=loyou; your (second person singular bound pronoun)=ló=lö=loo=o
lo1sp. var. oflaoface
lochelasp. var. oflechelaspouse
lochitongueloch-tong

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ludxa

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: luch

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ludx

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: luzh

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: lu’x

locuaforeheadlaofacelo cuaalocuàlocuaalocu-fore

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: locwa, lacwa

lohui1you (second person singular free pronoun)lóhui2lôhuilǒhuilohuy2lóhuylooyloylóylohu-yous

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: luy

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: liu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: liu

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: liu

loolaasp. var. ofLoolahaOaxaca
LoolahaOaxacalaoláaloálolaalolahaloolaaloolahalulalola-oaxa

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: Ndua

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: Ndua

lòsi3sp. var. ofrilosi
loxobeardlooxoloxo-bearlòxo yaciblackbearded(beard-black)loxo yòlaZe+chiba ze+llà-ni lòxoto grow a beard, begin to grow

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: luazh

luanaEtlaluhuana
luhuanasp. var. ofluana

M

mani11animal2bird3horsemániMáni2mänimannimannìmani-animMani cauallo titielàoni cica mulaMàni co+nijaMàni co+tij, hue-lèe-nija-niMàni co+zànamàni gònnàmaremani nachibasaddled animalmani peco xillasheepMàni pella castilla, pillaana castilla, pichínapaa, mànizeelaMáni pijcimani pixeowlMani tòxománi xíllasheepmanipizogaworm?manni Cavallomanni pichijña gonnaQuicha yáni mánemain(hair-neck-animal)

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: maay

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: many

mani peco xillasheepmani1animalpeco2dogxilla6cottonmanni pecco xilla
mani pixeowlmani1animalMàni pixèemani pixiemanni Pixeebixe-owl

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bdxie

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bdxie

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bzhie

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: bixhiee

Marnsp. var. ofMartinMartin
=meeit, they; them; their, its, theirs (third person animal bound pronoun)
Mendosasp. var. ofMendozaMendossaMendoza
Mithias1MithiasMithias2
Mithias2sp. var. ofMithias1
Morales2sp. var. ofMorales1
Morales1MoralesMorales2

N

=nawe; us; our, ours (first person plural bound pronoun)=Na=naatona4we
na8say (perfective stem)naa6na-say

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: na

na5I, me, my, mine (first person singular free pronoun)=yaI; mena41naa3náa2nna2na-i

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: nare'e

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: na’a

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nare

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: na

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: naa

na7sp. var. ofana1now
na-stative aspectNa-ná-Ná-nà-naa-nn-nachibaaafflicted affliction unhappinessnachijlovenàtilàchiforgetful
naa2be lyinga1na-lyin

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nat

naa7motherna1naa1nia1xina1motherXìnàacoxànamother
nachibapoorpèni chibàapoor person
nagachebe yellow, be golden; yellownagàchenagachinaga-yellbichichi nagachigold

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gots

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: ngats

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nagats

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nagats

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ngats

nagati1be white2be cleangàti4naga-whit

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nakits

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nakits

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ncyets

nalistraight, trueliiliilij16lij18líjllallillii1llii2llijlyNalijli-truehualicatrue, truly

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: dich ti

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: dizh di

Nalijsp. var. ofnalistraight, true
nana31know (someone or something), be taught2understand3seeana3àna3ànàanna3ànnàonnanana-know

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nan

naxacasp. var. ofnazacabe good, healthy
nayona11sacred, holy2chaste, pure, virgenionayonnayonnayoomayoona
nazaca1be good2be healthy3wholesome thing4good thing5enjoyable thing6have sexçaca3naxacasacaazaaca1záca5zàca1zäcanaza-begozàcalàchi1be happy about
=newith=ña=ñaa=ñe=nee=née=ñeene-witheenee
nesp. var. ofni1who, which, that
nèchesp. var. ofronichigive
nee1with2with me, with you, with that oneñee5
neeseesp. var. ofnizée
neesenaasp. var. ofnizée
nesa2pair
nesaadial. var. ofnizéeyoke
neseenasp. var. ofnizée
nesenasp. var. ofnizée
nesenaasp. var. ofnizée
nezayolarge road, main road, good road (without rocks)yoo1landNezayóonèzayòoneza-good

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nez yu

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nezyu

=ni1he, she, it, they; him, her, them; his, hers, its, their, theirs (third person bound pronoun)=ní=nì=nî=nï=nii=nij=nj=nni=ny
ni1who, which, that (relativizer)neNi2ñinii1nij1nîjny1ni-rel

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: ni

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ni

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: ni

nia1sp. var. ofnaa7motherbecausebecause Nianija4
niacanithusnjacanjlaniacanithus
niaestenisp. var. ofniiaxtennibecause
niatini1because2fornia1becauseniateninijateneNijateniNijteniniyateñenjatene
nicasp. var. ofnizawater
niiaxtennibecausenia1becausexiteniof, fromniaesteniniaxteniniaxtenijniaxtenniniia xtenniniiaxteenniniiaxteninijaxtenninijaxtennínyaxtenni
nijsaasp. var. ofnizawater
nijtilaoosp. var. ofronitilodestroy; forgive (sins)
nique1these, those; this, thatAguero 1 14.1Chela huayaacala huallaabila, quiraa loo niquee?Levanto 22 6.1Laagaaca coroopa Persona rii xtenni Santissima Trinidad, Biitoo nallii, cochaagani quellabenniaati, ninaca pellalaati, huañee anima, ciica tonoo: niquee rinniiona huanacani Biitoo, huañee benniati.niqu-those
nisa3sp. var. ofnizawater
niza1water2spermnicaniçaníça2nìçanijsaanisa3nissanica-wateníça pinijníça-pinijníçaquijxiurineniçatoosea, oceanniçayaafresh water, clean waternizaquierainritopanisabe baptizedrotobanizabaptize

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: nis

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: nis

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: nyis

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: nis

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nyis

nizaquierainnizawaterquie1rockniçaquijenica-rainàla niça-quieníçà-quíe pi+àpi-nirain stoppingNiça-quie rào huelàhua

Hear it in Santiago Matatlán Zapotec: niezguí

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: nyisgyia

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: nyisgyia

njatenesp. var. ofniatinibecause; for
nniitisp. var. ofnnijti1
nnijpeasp. var. ofrinipeyacommand
=nowe; us; our, ours (first person plural bound pronoun)=noo=ono=tonowetonowe

O

o-(causative marker)ó-oo-u-rolla1tozabi2be obligatedyoo2
oalicasp. var. ofhualicatrue, truly
olabalachi1consider2consider
onni lachisp. var. ofòni-láchito lie on purpose

P

pa5tombpa-tomb

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: baa

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ba

Pasqualsp. var. ofPascualPascual
pe-2sp. var. ofbe-2causative perfective aspect
peameasure, orderbeaBeabeyaobeaopeyapéa3pèa8pejapeyaracapeaknowrenapeaorderribepeaorderricapeaorder, confirmrinipeyacommandtichapeaorder, commandment
peco2dogbecopeco-dogbecoxillasheepmani peco xillasheepPèco niguijomale dogpecoxilla huinisheepPecoxílla yyni sheep

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: becw

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: be’kw

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: becw

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: becw

pejuanasp. var. ofbejuanalord
pela1starpèle1pela-star

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: baly

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bahl

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: bahl

pelalarisp. var. ofbelalatibody
pelalatisp. var. ofbelalatibody
pèlla2fishpela-fishcàha pèla quìba xòbi , pèllaPella-xòlotòo-pèlanet for fishtùpi ticàa pèlla

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: behld

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: behld

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: behld

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: bel

peni zijsp. var. ofbeni cijpoor personpoor person
peo1moon2monthbeabeiobeoBeobeoobeyobeyoopéopeo-moonPèo còbi, pèo nahuìni1new moonPèo junio

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: beu

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: be’u

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: be’u

Peosp. var. ofPedroPedro
Personassp. var. ofpersonaspersons
Phelipesp. var. ofFelipeFelipe
pichichisp. var. ofbichichitreasure
pichijnia gonasp. var. ofpichina conaox, bull
pichina conaox, cow, bullcona3oxpichijña gonnapichijnia gona
picotawhipping post
pij3sp. var. ofbiiwind
pinnijseedbijnijbini1binijpinípinni
pisasp. var. ofbizaborder marker
pisosesp. var. ofbixocefather
pixocesp. var. ofbixocefather

Q

q-2sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
qchelayosp. var. ofguechelayoworld
que3that (previously mentioned)quee4
que2sp. var. ofcue2plot
que-3causative irrealis aspectcu-2gue-3
que-1sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
que-2reiterative irrealis aspect
que=no, not (marker of negation)
queche2sp. var. ofgueche1pueblo
quechi2thorngueche2queche1Quéchiquichi4quec-thorgueche guibanailQuéchi palàoartichokequechi pitipiartichokeyaga quechithorny tree

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guich

quecorivergegoguegoquecooqueecooquegoquégo2quègoquígoquec-rivenania gego betochaquecoLochoquégo nahuijniQuegocaguiQuegocaguiquegolaceQuegolacequegolateQuegolatequegoyaaQuegoyaaTóua-tichàga-quegothe place where rivers joinxóba-níça quégoto carry or have water in the river to bring or have water in the river

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gueu

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: gueu

quectosp. var. ofguetaodeceased
queeya2sp. var. ofquiháaprice, value
quegosp. var. ofquecoriver
quela31cornfield2sown fieldguella2quèela3quel-cornguelatiyeGuelatiyeGueleruagaQuèela huizòhuatri-mensual corn seasonQuèela nijzaquelazeeci

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gel

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: guel

quela=nominalizercuela=gue=guela=guelaa=huij=qla=quéla=quella=guela beniatihumanity, humannessguela gotideathguela nachagacommunionguelaanayanijunderstandingguelarieniunderstandingquela cahuidarknessquela chiiñaworkQuela cobàanani xiténi yóhotàoquela cobánaquela copaci-tàhoQuela huecào, huecàchepounding or bruisingquela huexihuisinquelà na+chillaaction of making something unequalquela nabanilifeQuela nàcapèaquela quichasicknessquela xihuisinquelaa fiscalquelabitoodivinityquelacobiñahungerquelaconnijàadivination without omensquelacotobaniça2baptismquelahuechàgañaaniquelahuechijcompassionquelahuelaamercyquela-hue-quèñe, quela-hue-zèñediligencequelahuexijatichaagreement in meetingquelahuezaaworshipquelahuichieevilQuelahuichijequelanayaaformation, essenceQuelanazaacaquelatochocorruption, foulnessquella huetogotichaproclamationquella nalyquella rocaasp. var. ofquela ni tocàaobstacleobstacle, impedimentquella zoaacapowerquellariieliilachibelief
quela cahuidarknessquela=nominalizercahuidarkquel-dark

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gal ncai

quela guichaasp. var. ofquela quichasickness
quelaguichiasp. var. ofquela quichasickness
quelahuechàgañaanimarriagequela=nominalizerhue-1agentiverichagajoin=ni1he, she, it, theyquelahuechagañaani
quelahuechijpity, compassionquela-huechibàa-làchi, quela-tànachibàaquela=nominalizerquellahuechiie
quelahuexiechahuisp. var. ofquelahuexiyachahueagreement(NOM-NOM-agree-well)
quela huexihuisinquela=nominalizerquela huexij huíquela huexijhuíquelahuexijhuiquelahuixihui
quela nabanilifequela=nominalizerribanibe aliveguelanabaniguelanabanijquelanabaaniquelanabaaniiquelanabàni2quelanabàni1quel-lifecij xiquela napàni

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gal mbany

quelanibecausequalaniqueelaniquelaní
quela quichasickness, illnessquela=nominalizerquicha1sickguela guichaquela guichaaquela guijchaquelaa quichaquelaa quichaaquelaguichiaquel-sick

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: galguizh

quellabenniaatisp. var. ofguela beniatihumanity, humanness
quellacooquiikingdom(NOM=lord)
quellagootisp. var. ofguela gotideath
quellahuechiiesp. var. ofquelahuechijcompassion
quella huetogotichaproclamationquela=nominalizer
quella nalytruthquela=nominalizernalistraight, true
qui-(irrealis aspect)c-1C-g-1G-ga-gi-gu-1gue-2gui-güi-guij-q-2que-1Qui-quí-quì-quii-quij-quiy-quiraallquitalijallquitobiall
quì-sp. var. ofqui-irrealis aspect
quiaasp. var. ofguijaup
QuiahuixijtaoMacuilxochitlquiehuixij
quicha2hair; furguiichaquícha7quîchaquic-hairQuícha lóoquánihairs that remain in the foreheadQuícha mánihorse's hair(hair-animal)Quicha yáni mánemain(hair-neck-animal)Quicha-xijzi, xijcieyelash

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyichicy

quicha1sickguechaguicha1guichijaguijchaguijchaaguijchijaguychaquiichaaquic-sickbeniquichasick personquela quichasicknesstiyoo quichabecome sick
quichi4sp. var. ofquechi2thorn
quichi1papergichiguichi1guijchijguychijllichiquíchi1quichij2quijchi1quijchijquic-papequichi cica xíllasheet of paperQuichi-cuàgasheet of paperquichi-nàca-loàhà-xillasheet of paper

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gits

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyets

quichij3Quichijquichij1
quie1rock, stonegiegieeguieguiyequee2quia2quíe3quîe2quihequiiaquiiaaquiiequijequie-rockguiazaGuiazaGuiebayaguieguzaGuieguza (barrio in San Sebastian Teitipac)lachiquienizaquierainQuialaiocotopaQuialaiocotopaquiaquezaQuiaseeQuiaseeQuìe pijestone pillarquiecatiQuiecatiquijebiroaquijesegobaquiña quietomb

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: gie

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: gyia

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: gie

Hear it in San Bartolomé Quialana Zapotec: gui

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gia

quiebaheaven=baguiebaaquebaaqueiiebaaquiebaaquieebaaquîepaaquiiebaquiiebaaquiiebaaequiiehaaquijabaquijebaaquiXXquie-heav

Hear it in Santiago Matatlán Zapotec: yba

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: yba

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: yba

quiezeeQuiezee, a barrio in San Sebastian Teitipac
quiiebasp. var. ofquiebaheaven
quiiehaasp. var. ofquiebaheaven
quiiñasp. var. ofquiñe6be necessary
quijxeesp. var. ofriquixepay
quijxi2pay (irrealis stem)riquixepayquij-pay

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: quizh

quina2boxcaxa
quina1sowed land, fieldginiaguinaaguiñaaqueiinaaqueñàqueñaaquienaquiinaaquinaaquiñaa2quiniaquinnaacue2plotlayolandquinaa queco looquinaa quijatelaquinaa Suici
quirrasp. var. ofquiraall
quitabisp. var. ofquitobiall
quitobiall, wholequi-irrealis aspecttobionequitabiquitobìquitòbiquitoobiquitopiquitoviquitovijquit-all

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: deiby

quitovisp. var. ofquitobiall
quixe7make:restitution
quixee3tomorrowquixee2quixijquix-tomoquixee quixee

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: xhii

Hear it in Tlacolula de Matamoros Zapotec: yzhi

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: zhi

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: yzhi

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: zhi

quixee quixeeevery dayquixee3tomorrow
quizaaeverything?
quoqui2sp. var. ofcoquinoble

R

rsp. var. ofreal
raacasp. var. ofraca2do
raca2doraacaácacopàciàcaxopáci
raca11be, exist2be able to, can3cure?4[man whose father is not found] be one like this5[man of dignified memory or reputation] be one-aacaaacaaacà2áca4àca12âcaäcaǎcaacaaaccaaagaaquacoca1be (perfective stem)raca-beàca-chàhui6healthyácanallàbecome bitterracanaxiracañeehelpracapeaknow

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rac

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: rak

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: rahk

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rak

racapeaknowraca1be, canpeameasure, orderacapéáacapèaraca-knowquela hueyàcapèamanifestationQuela nàcapèaracapealachirecognize, acknowledge

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: racbe

racisleepáciraci-sleeáci-pélasleep with eyes openácitàosleep muchàcixátasleep a lot or deeplyraagacisleep

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rasy

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rasy

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: raisy

rapahaveaapaabaapaarapa-have

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rap

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rap

Hear it in Macuilxochitl: rap

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: rap

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rap

re-reiterative habitual aspectree-te-tey-
realessp. var. ofreal
reanaremain, be leftennaarean-rema

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rian

reapi1rise2go up in honoraapiaapîya[piyapiyápi2yàpi6yǎpiPèni-ti+àpitellapiyàpi zàbi càlalà-ni quìepàato go up like Jesus Christ our redeemer who came down
rena1say2containennannaa2renapeaorder
renabaask again, demand againnnàba2renavarinabaask
renabeasp. var. ofrenapeaorder
renapeaorder, commandCo721-5 25.1tebela naabea BeJuananaa dios gatiawhen the Lord God orders that I dieFeria 086 1.4laa loo canî celij pelohui bixocelato xiticha sancta yglesia nitij, ni tenapeani, quitaalij beni Chistianos cagoni sacramẽto...and since then the priests have always taught this commandment of the church: which commands that all Christians take communionVellon 097-8a 12.1Xinni xtennia, xiñaana Santa Iglesia rennabeeani, quitoobi xeneepe christiano coxoobaxtollani chaaga chaaga yza chy quaresmaMy son, our mother the Holy Church commands that all Christians confess each year at Lent.renasaypeameasure, ordernaabeanabenabeaanapèanàpèannaapeannabeannabeeannapearenabeanape-orde

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rinibee

renavasp. var. ofrenabaask again
renisp. var. ofrini1this
renijsp. var. ofrini1this
ri-habitual aspectRi-rii-rij-ry-ti-Ti-tí-tij-tti-ty-
ribanastealbée-lànabaanabánacolanasteal (perfective stem)riba-steabàana lào nèzacobàanarobbercobána

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rban

ribenigiveribe-give
ribepeaorder, commandrinipeyapeameasure, orderabipeabèepéa
ribezaresideribe-live

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rbez

ricatakecaa4cue3rica-take

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rca

ricachi1be hidden2be buriedaachi2caachicàchi1câchicachij1ccaachiccachigaachi2gachi1qachi2rigacharocachihide, bury
ricapea1order, put in order, ordain2confirmpeameasure, ordercaapea
richasp. var. ofticha1word
richacasp. var. ofrichagajoin
richagajoin, meetchaacachaacaachaaga1chaagochaca1chàga1chagaachiacarichaagaarichacarichigatchagachagañaajoin.handguela nachagacommunionquelahuechàgañaani
richiba1be siting elevated; be on (something)2ride a horse3be.plasteredchíba5chìba3chîbachiibachybarichijbarochibaput on top of somethingribibasitripe1sitmani nachibasaddled animalzoba2CAUS.sit
richigasp. var. ofrichagajoin
rici1receive2take something from anothercij18lsijxi5xii1xij30xyzij7receive (irrealis stem)
rielilachi1believe2have faith in3believe in dreamslachihearteeliilachieelijeelijlachiéelijlachieelilachieliielachieliilachielijlachielilaachieliláchieliylachiialilachiieliilachiijlachijijlijlachijilijlachiilijlachijlilachirielilaachijriyelilachiriyelolachiyeeliilaachiyeeliiLaachiyeeliilachiyeelijyeelilachyyeellilachiyeliyeliijlachiyeliilachiyelilachiiyelljlachiriel-beli

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rindilaz

rieniunderstandayenieeni1enene1eniéniëniěniẽnienijenni1enní1ẽnniieniiieneijñajeniyeniyenniguelarieniunderstanding
rietacome, arriveétaëtaětaetaaitaítariet-come

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ried

rigachasp. var. ofricachibe hidden, be buried
riloxeend, finishlloxeLoxelòxeloxiloxijrilo-end

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rluazh

rinabaasknaabañaabanabaanibannaabannàba1rinavarenabaask againrina-asklennaabaquestion

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rnab

rinabeasp. var. ofrinipeyacommand
rinalaoseelaofacenaalaorina-see

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rinylo

rinavasp. var. ofrinabaask
rini21say, speak2obey?ènniiininii2niionij1nionjnnînñinniirni-saynnijquèchato cheer in war rinipeyacommand

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rni

Hear it in Santiago Matatlán Zapotec: rny

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rini

Hear it in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec: rinii

Hear it in Tlacochahuaya Zapotec: gal rni

rini1thisrenirenijriiniriiniirijnitini1tinijrini-this

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: ren

rinipeyacommand, orderribepearini2saypeameasure, orderniapeyoniipeyannijpearinabearini-comm

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rnabe

ripechisingpéechi4téchi2
riquicedivide upguízequise
riquine1hit, beat2punishguiñenaquiñaquíñe2coti1hit (perfective stem)riqu-hit

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rguiny

riquixepayguijxeguixequijxeequijxi3quijxi2pay (irrealis stem)cotixepay (perfective stem)riqu-pay

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rguizh

risaca1suffer2be injuredchaca3risaacarixacarizacasacazaaca2rosacaharm someone risa-suff

Hear it in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec: rzac

risobasp. var. ofrizobabe located
ritahobe soldribijxito3too3
riti1be sitting2exist, be (existential)Feria 22r 1.2quelani cani tobicica bitoo Dios natijni, yalati quiela, yagala: cani nalij bitoo Dios nabàni‎because but only one God exists, not stone or wood, but truly living Godriirij2ríjTi3tij18